Margie McCarthy's Five Degrees of Change

1. Policy: Visualise the beauty of a green and healthy Ireland in 2050

While 2050 is spoken about a lot as the date by which the world needs to reach net zero carbon emissions, McCarthy wants it to represent something different for people.

"There are lots of positives that could come from some of the changes we are talking about, and we are not really getting to shine a light on them," she said.

Whether it is more liveable cities with greener public spaces, or better public transport, she thinks the multiple benefits of climate action need to be better sold to the public.

"The important things... like the amazing air quality benefits we could have, like slowing down a bit in our lives, like having greener cities rather than these big grey cities we currently have, " she said.

"These are the real positive outcomes of some of the difficult changes we will have to make, like getting out of our cars."

To create that vision, McCarthy said expert working groups needed to contribute their vision, and then bring those together and go to the public through consultations and a citizens' assembly.

"It is as much about the conversation and the compromises along the way," she said.

2. Personal: No new dresses in 2024

Fast fashion creates a whole range of environmental impacts. It accounts for about 10 per cent of global emissions, results in a huge amount of landfill waste and ocean plastic fibre pollution and impacts on often poor communities with clothes factories dumping toxic dyes into waterways.

"There are certain things I buy that will last me forever, such as shoes or a coat. But dresses are one of those things that just make me feel good so I want to go out and get a new one even though my wardrobe is bursting," McCarthy said.

She found that the pandemic and working from home meant she had shifted her consumer habits to online purchasing.

"We got to the stage as a family where there seemed to be boxes arriving at our door every second day. We hadn't really moved away from that by the end of 2023," she said.

By now trying to limit her purchases, McCarthy said she was becoming more aware of her buying habits more generally. "That cascades across my whole life then, from clothes to food waste."

3. Policy: Accelerate massive scale out of district heating solutions

While still a relatively unknown concept in Ireland, district heating has been a feature of many European countries for many years.

In simple terms, it is the use of a central heating source to deliver heated water to multiple buildings through insulated pipes. It is a more efficient way of delivering heat, using less energy to reach the same ends. But it is also possible for the central sources to either be from excess waste heat from the likes of data centres, or decarbonised heat sources like biomass boilers.

Following years of stagnation, McCarthy wants to see district heating finally take off in Ireland. "Heat has been the forgotten element of the energy movement," she said.

In a 2022 study produced by the SEAI, district heating was shown to be a key technology that could help us meet our climate targets.

"It identified that district heating could meet up to 50 per cent of our building heat needs, which is huge potential. That wasn't only the big cities, but larger scale towns too," she said.

"What the heat study did showed the potential at a national level and that we are actually a viable market for district heating similar to our Scandinavian and Nordic neighbours that have raced ahead of us."

Plans for legislation on district heating are being formulated this year, and McCarthy hopes more projects like the pilots in Tallaght and Poolbeg in Dublin will be rolled out shortly.

4. Personal: Tune in to opposing opinions on climate but stay optimistic

McCarthy finds it difficult to deal with the opposition to climate action, which ranges from outright climate change denial to disagreements over which technologies should be used.

She has had to learn to listen without becoming frustrated. "One of the things I would say is don't go into a room expecting people to move to your opinion: make sure you listen," she said.

"Last year, conversations on social media turned so ugly, and many advocates who we so badly need to speak out were being dragged down. That really got to me and I decided to turn off a lot of those channels. But then you are in an echo chamber...That is not helpful when you are trying to instigate change."

McCarthy thinks that some of the pushback on climate action is simply a symptom of its success.

"The really hard opposition is quite small. We give a lot of volume to a small section of our society. National attitude surveys show the vast majority of people have bought into this and are supportive," she said.

5. Policy: Disentangle ourselves from our damaging fossil fuel subsidies

Ireland subsidises fossil fuels to the tune of €2.9 billion a year and McCarthy said that had to be addressed.

"Some of them are direct, like fuel allowances, and others are taxes foregone or incentives," she said.

"We have had the G20 and other forums talking about these for a long time but actually we have seen them increase."

Ireland is ahead in how it reports fossil fuel subsidies, with the department of finance and the department of public expenditure both publishing fossil fuel subsidies and the even wider category of 'climate harmful spending'.

But as of yet there is no concerted plan to unwind them. The European Commission recently ordered the government to produce a roadmap for phasing out the subsidies.

While McCarthy would support any calls to unwind fossil fuel subsides, she warned that the government would have to move carefully.

"There are some subsidies that remove hardship for people. That is really important. We all experienced in 2022 and 2023 the Ukraine war energy price surges, and we all received allowances of some sort towards our energy bills," she said.

"For us to achieve what we have to achieve, we have to move away from fossil fuels." McCarthy said the "dearth" of a pathway to remove the subsidies would have to be rectified if our climate goals were to be reached.

"We haven't yet grasped the nettle."

This article was originally published in Business Post on Sunday, 10 March 2024. You can listen to Margie's interview on Five Degrees of Change here or wherever you get your podcasts.